Abstract
These phenomena are primarily attributed to the lack of an industrial strategy aimed at supporting the private business sector, particularly small-scale factories, alongside the absence of organizations responsible for guiding small investors. Amid rising unemployment and subsequent poverty levels, the "shadow economy" has emerged as a magnet for various industrial and service activities, such as mechanical and electrical workshops and maintenance services. These activities are characterized by the absence of official licensing, non-compliance with labor laws, and a lack of occupational health and safety standards or formal union representation. Accordingly, analyzing the dimensions of small industries—which demonstrated resilience in meeting local demand during the economic embargo before facing collapse—necessitates overcoming administrative, financial, marketing, and technical barriers. Establishing small-scale projects remains a fundamental pillar for addressing the challenges of unemployment and poverty in Iraq.
DOI
10.33095/jeas.v20i80.850
Subject Area
Managerial
First Page
72
Last Page
103
Rights
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Recommended Citation
Samoee, R. F., & Zghair, I. N. (2014). The Organizational Challenges and Their Effect of Organizational Rituals. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 20(80), 72-103. https://doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v20i80.850
